The 38-year-old, who plays in the Veikkausliiga for Gnistan, has not featured for the Eagle Owls since September 2016, after he received a two-year ban for drug use a month later.
But one goal and four assists for the midfielder in seven league appearances are enough for Finland boss Jacob Friis to bring Moscow-born Eremenko back into the fold.
The other, albeit more minor, surprises were the inclusions of Djurgarden's Matias Siltanen and Petrolul Ploiesti's Tommi Jyry, who have both been named in a senior Finland squad for the first time.
Many of the experienced members of the squad, including Lukas Hradecky, Teemu Pukki, Robin Lod and Joel Pohjanpalo are all included. Goalkeeper and captain Hradecky needs one more appearance to reach his century.
Finland will play arguably their toughest two home games in Group G of the World Cup Qualifiers, facing the Netherlands on 7th June and Poland on 10th June, both of which will be played at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium.
In March, the Finns began their qualification campaign with a 1-0 away win in Malta, before surrendering a 2-0 lead to draw 2-2 in Lithuania.
They sit second in the group, and are likely to need something from these two matches to have any chance of at least finishing in that position and reaching the playoffs in the hope of qualifying for a maiden World Cup.
The Finland squad in full
Goalkeepers: Lukas Hradecky, Jesse Joronen, Viljami Sinisalo
Defenders: Robert Ivanov, Ville Tikkanen, Arttu Hoskonen, Juhani Pikkarainen, Miro Tenho, Jere Uronen, Ilmari Niskanen, Nikolai Alho
Midfielders: Matti Peltola, Glen Kamara, Roman Eremenko, Tommi Jyry, Matias Siltanen, Kaan Kairinen, Anssi Suhonen
Forwards: Oliver Antman, Benjamin Källman, Joel Pohjanpalo, Teemu Pukki, Fredrik Jensen, Robin Lod, Onni Valakari