Fifth seed Draper pulled out of the tournament before his second-round meeting with Zizou Bergs in late August after first overcoming Argentine qualifier Federico Agustin Gomez.
Draper’s appearance at Flushing Meadows was his first singles event since a second-round exit at Wimbledon last month, with the 23-year-old admitting he had been unsure whether he would recover in time from a bruised humerus in his serving arm.
It now appears the comeback may have come too soon for the world number seven.
"Unfortunately, the injury to my arm is something I have to rest and means I’ll be sitting out the rest of 2025," he said in a message on social media.
Draper also reached the semi-finals of last year's US Open before losing to eventual winner Jannik Sinner.